Project Guide · Science Exploration
Sundials
Create a simple sundial and use a moving shadow to connect the Sun’s apparent path with time, direction, and observation.
What You Will Create
A flexible, hands-on build.
Create a simple sundial and use a moving shadow to connect the Sun’s apparent path with time, direction, and observation. The guide can be adapted for families, classrooms, clubs, or drop-in learning spaces.
Science Exploration · Flexible group size · Easy to extend
Project Media
See the project take shape.
Get Ready
Supplies and preparation
Supplies
Gather these materials
- Paper plates or cardstock circles
- Straws
- Markers
- Clay or tape
- Compass for shared use
- Outdoor observation area
Preparation
Before participants begin
Identify a sunny, level location and determine north. Prepare a sample and plan observation times across the day.
Do not look directly at the Sun. Use sunscreen and weather-appropriate clothing during outdoor observations.
Build Guide
Follow the steps
Test as you build. Small revisions are part of the process and help participants understand why the final design works.
1. Plan and prepare
Mark the center of the plate and attach a straw upright as the shadow-casting piece.
2. Build the foundation
Take the sundial outside and orient it consistently using north as a reference.
3. Add the main feature
At a known time, mark the tip or line of the shadow and label the time.
4. Test and adjust
Return at later times without changing the sundial’s position and add new marks.
5. Finish and reflect
Compare the spacing and direction of the marks and explain the pattern.
Keep Exploring
Try another direction
Use one of these extensions after the first version is working.
- Make observations every hour on a clear day.
- Compare shadow length in morning, midday, and afternoon.
- Discuss why the markings may change across seasons or locations.
LEARNING CONNECTIONS
Ideas within the build
Learning Connections
Ideas within the build
Earth and Sun relationships, shadows, direction, timekeeping, data collection, and historical technology.
Facilitator Note
Make the process visible
Ask participants to predict what will happen, test one change at a time, and explain what they revised. Photograph early and final versions so the improvement process becomes part of the project story.
Find another project.
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